{"id":12868,"date":"2022-08-09T11:51:50","date_gmt":"2022-08-09T11:51:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/kibris-tarih\/"},"modified":"2022-08-09T11:51:50","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T11:51:50","slug":"kibris-tarih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/kibris-tarih\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131br\u0131s – Tarih"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. Tarih \u00d6ncesi K\u0131br\u0131s<\/h2>\n\n

K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,85 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce Afrika tektonik plakas\u0131n\u0131n Avrasya’n\u0131n alt\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra denizden su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk yerliler, Levant b\u00f6lgesinden (Bat\u0131 Asya’n\u0131n Do\u011fu Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesi) M\u00d6 9. veya 10. biny\u0131l civar\u0131nda adaya yerle\u015ftiler. Bu, paleolitik d\u00f6nemde insanlar\u0131n c\u00fcce filler ve c\u00fcce suayg\u0131rlar\u0131yla bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Choirokitia’n\u0131n Neolitik yerle\u015fimi (M\u00d6 7. biny\u0131l), organize i\u015flevsel toplumun en iyi \u00f6rneklerinden biridir ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz’in en \u00f6nemli ve en iyi korunmu\u015f tarih \u00f6ncesi alanlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u0130nsan sahibinin yan\u0131na dikkatlice g\u00f6m\u00fclen 8 ayl\u0131k bir kedinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce gelen bilinen en eski kedi-insan birlikteli\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p><\/p>\n\n

2. Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 (yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 2600 \u2013 1100)<\/h2>\n\n

Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 boyunca, ilk \u015fehirlerin geli\u015fimi vard\u0131r. O zamanlar adada bol miktarda bulunan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla K\u0131br\u0131s’a ad\u0131n\u0131 veren bak\u0131r madencili\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n son a\u015famas\u0131na do\u011fru, ada Miken Rumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan iskan edildi ve K\u0131br\u0131s hece yaz\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

3. Erken Demir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 (yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 1050 \u2013 750)<\/h2>\n\n

Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s’ta, d\u00f6nemin klasik yazarlar\u0131na g\u00f6re temelleri Truva sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilen 10 Yunan \u015fehir krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda adada Yunan dilinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kan\u0131tlar da var. Ayr\u0131ca Fenikeliler, antik Kition da dahil olmak \u00fczere adada \u00f6nemli koloniler kurmu\u015flar ve Yunan alfabesinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 alfabelerini (M\u00d6 9. yy ba\u015flar\u0131nda) getirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p><\/p>\n\n

4. Eski K\u0131br\u0131s<\/h2>\n\n

Arkaik d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, K\u0131br\u0131s Asur egemenli\u011fine girer (M\u00d6 7. yy – 570), daha sonra k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan fethedildi (M\u00d6 570-525) ve daha sonra Pers imparatorlu\u011funun (M\u00d6 525 – 332) bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu. Pers egemenli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, K\u0131br\u0131s krall\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korudular ancak Pers kral\u0131na vergi \u00f6demek zorunda kald\u0131lar. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131lar\u0131n Pers egemenli\u011finden kurtulmaya y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in iktidara geldi\u011fi Helenistik d\u00f6neme (M\u00d6 332 – M\u00d6 58) kadar ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131br\u0131s krall\u0131klar\u0131 ittifak kurarak Perslere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sefere yard\u0131m etti, ancak ada B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender kadar tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale gelmedi, krall\u0131klara bir miktar \u00f6zerklik verdi, madenlerin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi ve para biriminin damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu. . \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan ada, Roma imparatorlu\u011funun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu M.\u00d6. 58 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Ptolemaios y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. Roma d\u00f6neminde, bir\u00e7ok tiyatrosu ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ayakta kalan etkileyici mozaikleriyle sanat\u0131n geli\u015fimi ve ekonomik refah\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir geli\u015fme ya\u015fand\u0131. Hristiyanl\u0131k adada tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131 ve MS 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6nde gelen din oldu.<\/p><\/p>\n\n

5. Bizans D\u00f6nemi (MS 325 \u2013 1192)<\/h2>\n\n

Roma imparatorlu\u011funun do\u011fu ve bat\u0131da b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden sonra K\u0131br\u0131s, Bizans’\u0131n egemenli\u011fine girdi. MS 7. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Araplar adaya bask\u0131n d\u00fczenleyerek ba\u015fkenti ele ge\u00e7irdiler ve Bizans imparatoru ile anla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra adada egemenli\u011fi payla\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p><\/p>\n\n

6. Frans\u0131z ve Venedik y\u00f6netimi<\/h2>\n\n

3. ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda (MS 12. y\u00fczy\u0131l), Richard Lionheart K\u0131br\u0131s’\u0131 fethetti, ancak k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra buray\u0131 Tap\u0131nak \u015e\u00f6valyelerine daha sonra Frans\u0131zlara (Lusignans) satt\u0131. Frans\u0131z y\u00f6netimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, yerel n\u00fcfus yoksulluk \u00e7ekti ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu kraliyet i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u00f6leler olarak muamele g\u00f6rd\u00fc. MS 1489’da ada Venedik egemenli\u011fine ge\u00e7ti. Osmanl\u0131 tehdidini g\u00f6ren Venedikliler, MS 1571’de nihayet fethedilen aday\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdiler.<\/p><\/p>\n\n

7. Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi (MS 1571 \u2013 1878)<\/h2>\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 mimarisine uygun olarak bir\u00e7ok cami, hamam, k\u00fct\u00fcphane ve kamu binalar\u0131 in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca sulama sistemleri ve k\u00f6pr\u00fcler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Adan\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, vergi tahsilat\u0131ndan sorumlu olan K\u0131br\u0131s Ortodoks Kilisesi geli\u015fti ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131lar ile yetkililer aras\u0131nda arac\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rum, Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan Yunan devrimini (1821) destekledi ve baz\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z devrim giri\u015fimleri de oldu. Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, Rus-T\u00fcrk sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra sona erdi ve K\u0131br\u0131s, \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n

8. \u0130ngiliz y\u00f6netimi (MS 1878 \u2013 1960)<\/h2>\n\n

1878’de ada \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun kontrol\u00fcne girdi ve 1914’te resmen ilhak edildi. Bu d\u00f6nemde K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rumlar, adan\u0131n tarihsel olarak Yunan oldu\u011funu iddia ederek Yunanistan ile \u201cEnosis\u201d (Birle\u015fme) elde etmek istediler. Bu, Girit adas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk toplumu gibi benzer bir durumda ka\u00e7maktan korkan K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri alarma ge\u00e7irdi. Yunanistan ile birle\u015fme propagandas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lenirken iki toplum aras\u0131ndaki gerilim de artt\u0131. Her iki toplumda da milliyet\u00e7i paramiliter \u00f6rg\u00fctler kuruldu. EOKA, \u0130ngilizlerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck elde etmeyi ve Yunanistan ve TMT ile birle\u015fmeyi ama\u00e7layan K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk grubu \u201cenosis\u201di durdurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k devrimi (1955-1959), 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ve K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk toplumunun anayasa taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere’nin adada iki askeri \u00fcss\u00fc elinde tuttu\u011fu anla\u015fmayla sona erdi.<\/p>\n\n

1878’de ada \u0130ngiliz \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun kontrol\u00fcne girdi ve 1914’te resmen ilhak edildi. Bu d\u00f6nemde K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rumlar, adan\u0131n tarihsel olarak Yunan oldu\u011funu iddia ederek Yunanistan ile \u201cEnosis\u201d (Birle\u015fme) elde etmek istediler. Bu, Girit adas\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk toplumu gibi benzer bir durumda ka\u00e7maktan korkan K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri alarma ge\u00e7irdi. Yunanistan ile birle\u015fme propagandas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lenirken iki toplum aras\u0131ndaki gerilim de artt\u0131. Her iki toplumda da milliyet\u00e7i paramiliter \u00f6rg\u00fctler kuruldu. EOKA, \u0130ngilizlerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck elde etmeyi ve Yunanistan ve TMT ile birle\u015fmeyi ama\u00e7layan K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk grubu \u201cenosis\u201di durdurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k devrimi (1955-1959), 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ve K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk toplumunun anayasa taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere’nin adada iki askeri \u00fcss\u00fc elinde tuttu\u011fu anla\u015fmayla sona erdi.<\/h2>\n\n

Cumhuriyetin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra, bir\u00e7ok K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rum hala Yunanistan ile birle\u015fme konusunda sabitlenmi\u015f ve bunun sa\u011flanamamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131br\u0131s Rum milliyet\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc EOKA-B, birle\u015fme i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmek amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturuldu ve K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk TMT’si eylemine devam etti. 1963-1964’te iki toplum aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar t\u0131rmand\u0131 ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da cinayet ya\u015fand\u0131 ve BM bar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6nderdi. 1963’teki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 durdurman\u0131n bir yolu olarak, Lefko\u015fa haritas\u0131na, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in kuzey b\u00f6lgesi ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rumlar i\u00e7in g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesi olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lan ye\u015fil bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7izildi, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnme bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erlidir. Temmuz 1974’te EOKA-B, Yunanistan’daki Askeri Cunta ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde K\u0131br\u0131s h\u00fck\u00fcmetini devirmek i\u00e7in bir darbe yapt\u0131. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra T\u00fcrkiye, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin himayesini talep ederek aday\u0131 i\u015fgal etti ve \u00fclkenin 1\/3’\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Sava\u015f sonucunda bir\u00e7ok K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Rum ve K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerini terk ederek s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyine ve kuzeyine ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131. 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti kuzeyde kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. \nZor siyasi duruma ve her iki taraftaki ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z m\u00fczakerelere ve milliyet\u00e7i propagandaya ra\u011fmen, iki toplumu ortak miras\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeye ve bar\u0131\u015f ve uzla\u015fmay\u0131 savunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir\u00e7ok giri\u015fim de var.<\/p>\n\n

Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in: https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gyy9Vz<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Tarih \u00d6ncesi K\u0131br\u0131s K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,85 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce Afrika tektonik plakas\u0131n\u0131n Avrasya’n\u0131n alt\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra denizden su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk yerliler, Levant b\u00f6lgesinden (Bat\u0131 Asya’n\u0131n Do\u011fu Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesi) M\u00d6 9. veya 10. biny\u0131l civar\u0131nda adaya yerle\u015ftiler. Bu, … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[197,141],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kibris","category-tarih","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12868"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12868"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12869,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12868\/revisions\/12869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}