{"id":12733,"date":"2022-08-03T08:19:32","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T08:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/belcika-tarih\/"},"modified":"2022-08-03T08:19:32","modified_gmt":"2022-08-03T08:19:32","slug":"belcika-tarih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/belcika-tarih\/","title":{"rendered":"Bel\u00e7ika – Tarih"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n tarihi, 1830’da bu ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan modern devletin kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceye uzan\u0131r ve kom\u015fular\u0131 olan Hollanda, Almanya, Fransa ve L\u00fcksemburg ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. Tarihinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, \u015fimdiki Bel\u00e7ika, ya Karolenj \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu gibi daha geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgenin par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131 ya da aralar\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Brabant D\u00fckal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Flanders \u0130l\u00e7esi, the Prince -Li\u00e8ge Piskoposlu\u011fu ve L\u00fcksemburg Kontlu\u011fu gibi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devletlere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Stratejik konumu ve farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda bir temas \u00fclkesi olarak tarihi nedeniyle Bel\u00e7ika, “Avrupa’n\u0131n kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; topraklar\u0131nda sava\u015fan bir\u00e7ok ordu i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 zamanda “Avrupa’n\u0131n sava\u015f alan\u0131”[1]<\/sup><\/a> veya “Avrupa’n\u0131n kokpiti” olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[2]<\/sup><\/a> Latince k\u00f6kenli Frans\u0131zca ve Cermen Felemenk\u00e7esi aras\u0131nda bir dil s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7eren ve bununla b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir Avrupa ulusu olarak da dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n\n

Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n modern \u015fekli, en az\u0131ndan orta\u00e7a\u011f Burgonya Hollanda’s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney \u00e7ekirde\u011fine kadar izlenebilir. Bu topraklar, orta\u00e7a\u011f Fransa ve Almanya’y\u0131 b\u00f6len Scheldt’in eski s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda yer ald\u0131, ancak Valois-Burgundy Evi alt\u0131nda bir araya getirildi ve varisleri Kutsal Roma \u0130mparatoru Charles V taraf\u0131ndan Pragmatik Yapt\u0131r\u0131m’da tek bir \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgede birle\u015ftirildi. 1549. Seksen Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131 (1568-1648) daha sonra kuzey Hollanda Cumhuriyeti ile Bel\u00e7ika ve L\u00fcksemburg’un geli\u015fti\u011fi G\u00fcney Hollanda aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesi, ilk ba\u015fta “\u0130spanyol Hollandas\u0131” olarak Burgonya hanedan\u0131n\u0131n Habsburg torunlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmeye devam etti. Fransa’dan Louis XIV alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan istilalar, \u015fu anda Nord-Pas-de-Calais’in Fransa’ya kaybedilmesine yol a\u00e7arken, geri kalan\u0131 nihayet “Avusturya Hollandas\u0131” oldu. Frans\u0131z Devrim sava\u015flar\u0131, Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n 1795’te Fransa’n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve Katolik kilisesine ait olan b\u00f6lgelerin yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonunu getirdi. 1814’te Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n yenilgisinden sonra, 1830-1839 Bel\u00e7ika Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir kez daha b\u00f6l\u00fcnen ve \u00fc\u00e7 modern ulus, Bel\u00e7ika, Hollanda ve L\u00fcksemburg’u veren yeni bir Hollanda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n

Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n limanlar\u0131 ve tekstil end\u00fcstrisi Orta \u00c7a\u011f’a kadar \u00f6nemliydi ve modern Bel\u00e7ika, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda refah getiren ama ayn\u0131 zamanda liberal i\u015fadamlar\u0131 ve sosyalist i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda siyasi bir ikilik a\u00e7an bir Sanayi Devrimi ya\u015fayan ilk \u00fclkelerden biriydi. Kral, 1908’deki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir skandaldan sonra h\u00fck\u00fcmetin devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bel\u00e7ika Kongo’sunda kendi \u00f6zel s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011funu kurdu. Bel\u00e7ika tarafs\u0131zd\u0131, ancak Fransa’ya giden bir yol olarak stratejik konumu, onu 1914 ve 1940’ta Almanya i\u00e7in bir i\u015fgal hedefi haline getirdi. \u0130\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullar a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Bel\u00e7ika, Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin kurucu \u00fcyesi olarak Avrupa birli\u011finin lideriydi. Br\u00fcksel \u015fimdi NATO’nun genel merkezine ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin fiili ba\u015fkenti. Koloniler 1960’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale geldi.<\/p>\n\n

Siyasi olarak \u00fclke bir zamanlar din meselelerinde kutupla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve son y\u0131llarda dil farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve e\u015fitsiz ekonomik kalk\u0131nma konusunda yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Bu s\u00fcregelen d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k, 1970’lerden bu yana geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 reformlara neden oldu, eski \u00fcniter Bel\u00e7ika devletini federal bir devlete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet krizlerini tekrarlad\u0131. \u015eimdi \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: kuzeyde Flanders (Hollandaca konu\u015fulan), g\u00fcneyde Wallonia (Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fulan) ve ortada iki dilli Br\u00fcksel. Almanya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda 1815 Viyana Kongresi’nde Prusya’ya tan\u0131nan, ancak Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1919 Versay Antla\u015fmas\u0131’yla Bel\u00e7ika’ya eklenen Almanca konu\u015fan bir n\u00fcfus da var.<\/p>\n\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Belgium<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n tarihi, 1830’da bu ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan modern devletin kurulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceye uzan\u0131r ve kom\u015fular\u0131 olan Hollanda, Almanya, Fransa ve L\u00fcksemburg ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir. Tarihinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, \u015fimdiki Bel\u00e7ika, ya Karolenj \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu gibi daha geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgenin par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131 ya da aralar\u0131nda … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[177,141],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-belcika","category-tarih","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12733"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12733"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12734,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12733\/revisions\/12734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}