{"id":13249,"date":"2022-08-22T11:26:43","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T11:26:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/turcia-literatura\/"},"modified":"2022-08-22T11:26:43","modified_gmt":"2022-08-22T11:26:43","slug":"turcia-literatura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/turcia-literatura\/","title":{"rendered":"Turcia &#8211; Literatur\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Karag\u00f6z<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"981\" src=\"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Karagoz.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Karagoz.jpg 840w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Karagoz-257x300.jpg 257w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Karagoz-768x897.jpg 768w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Karagoz-600x701.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karag\u00f6z este o form\u0103 de teatru de umbre din Turcia, \u00een care figuri cunoscute sub numele de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tasvirs, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">realizate din piele de c\u0103mil\u0103 sau de bou, \u00een form\u0103 de oameni sau lucruri, sunt \u021binute pe tije \u00een fa\u021ba unei surse de lumin\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i proiecta umbrele pe un ecran de bumbac. O pies\u0103 \u00eencepe cu proiec\u021bia unei figuri introductive pentru a stabili scena \u0219i a sugera temele dramei, \u00eenainte de a disp\u0103rea \u00een sunetul strident al unui fluier, l\u0103s\u00e2nd loc spectacolului principal care poate include c\u00e2ntece, muzic\u0103 de tamburin\u0103, poezie, mituri, ghicitori \u0219i ghicitori. Pove\u0219tile, de obicei comice, \u00eei prezint\u0103 pe personajele principale Karag\u00f6z \u0219i Hacivat \u0219i o mul\u021bime de alte personaje, inclusiv o c\u00e2nt\u0103rea\u021b\u0103 de cabaret numit\u0103 Kantocu \u0219i un iluzionist-acrobat numit Hokkabaz, \u0219i abund\u0103 \u00een jocuri de cuvinte \u0219i imita\u021bii ale accentelor regionale. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/karagz-00180\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/karagz-00180\">https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/karagz-00180<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Karag\u00f6z\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/b97PRbyc1-w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>2. Tradi\u021bia \u00c2\u0219\u0131kl\u0131k (menestrel)<\/b><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tradi\u021bia \u00c2\u0219\u0131kl\u0131k (menestrelul) din Turcia este interpretat\u0103 de poe\u021bi-c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bi r\u0103t\u0103citori cunoscu\u021bi sub numele de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e2\u0219\u0131ks. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cembr\u0103cat \u00een haine tradi\u021bionale \u0219i c\u00e2nt\u00e2nd la un <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">saz<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cu coarde<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e2\u0219\u0131k este un interpret obi\u0219nuit la nun\u021bi, \u00een cafenele \u0219i \u00een timpul festivalurilor publice de tot felul. \u00e2\u0219\u0131k-ul este chemat \u00een vis pentru a face o lung\u0103 ucenicie \u00een arta de a c\u00e2nta la instrumente cu coarde \u0219i de percu\u021bie, de a c\u00e2nta, de a povesti \u0219i de a vorbi, ceea ce constituie inima voca\u021biei sale. Poeziile pe care le recit\u0103, de obicei despre dragoste, sunt scrise \u00een metru silabic rimat \u0219i se \u00eencheie cu un catren \u00een care \u00e2\u0219\u0131k roste\u0219te <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e2hlas, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pseudonimul s\u0103u. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Asiklik.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Asiklik.jpg 500w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Asiklik-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/klk-minstrelsy-tradition-00179\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/klk-minstrelsy-tradition-00179\">https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/klk-minstrelsy-tradition-00179<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u00c2\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k (minstrelsy) tradition\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OBxDHqiCq-I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>3. Artele din Meddah, povestitori publici<\/b><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"211\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Arts-of-Meddah.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Arts-of-Meddah.jpg 211w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Arts-of-Meddah-180x300.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Meddahlik a fost o form\u0103 de teatru turcesc jucat de un singur povestitor numit meddah \u0219i practicat \u00een Turcia \u0219i \u00een \u021b\u0103rile vorbitoare de limb\u0103 turc\u0103. Din punct de vedere istoric, se a\u0219tepta ca meddahurile s\u0103 lumineze, s\u0103 educe \u0219i s\u0103 distreze. Juc\u00e2nd \u00een caravanserai, pie\u021be, cafenele, moschei \u0219i biserici, ace\u0219ti povestitori transmiteau valori \u0219i idei unei popula\u021bii predominant analfabete. Meddah-ul selecta c\u00e2ntece \u0219i pove\u0219ti comice dintr-un repertoriu de romane populare, legende \u0219i epopei \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i adapta materialul \u00een func\u021bie de locul \u0219i publicul specific. Cu toate acestea, calitatea spectacolului depinde \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de atmosfera creat\u0103 \u00eentre povestitor \u0219i spectatori, precum \u0219i de abilitatea meddahului de a integra imita\u021bii, glume \u0219i improviza\u021bii legate adesea de evenimente contemporane. Aceast\u0103 art\u0103, care pune mare pre\u021b pe st\u0103p\u00e2nirea retoricii, este foarte apreciat\u0103 \u00een Turcia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/arts-of-the-meddah-public-storytellers-00037\">https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/arts-of-the-meddah-public-storytellers-00037<\/a><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Arts of the Meddah, Public Storytellers\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/W7j0XjY3_RE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Mo\u0219tenirea lui Dede Korkut, cultura epic\u0103, pove\u0219tile populare \u0219i muzica<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Cultura epic\u0103, pove\u0219tile populare \u0219i muzica lui Dede Qorqud\/Korkyt Ata\/Dede Korkut se bazeaz\u0103 pe dou\u0103sprezece legende, pove\u0219ti \u0219i povestiri eroice \u0219i treisprezece compozi\u021bii muzicale tradi\u021bionale \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219ite \u0219i transmise de genera\u021bii prin expresii orale, arte interpretative, coduri culturale \u0219i compozi\u021bii muzicale. Dede Qorqud apare \u00een fiecare poveste ca o figur\u0103 legendar\u0103 \u0219i un individ \u00een\u021belept, un \u00een\u021belept al menestrelilor ale c\u0103rui cuvinte, muzic\u0103 \u0219i expresii de \u00een\u021belepciune se refer\u0103 la tradi\u021biile na\u0219terii, c\u0103s\u0103toriei \u0219i mor\u021bii. elementul cuprinde valori sociale, culturale \u0219i morale, cum ar fi eroismul, dialogul, bun\u0103starea fizic\u0103 \u0219i spiritual\u0103 \u0219i unitatea, precum \u0219i respectul pentru natur\u0103, \u0219i con\u021bine cuno\u0219tin\u021be profunde despre istoria \u0219i cultura comunit\u0103\u021bilor vorbitoare de limb\u0103 turc\u0103. Acesta este practicat \u0219i sus\u021binut de comunitatea \u00een cauz\u0103 \u00eentr-o mare varietate de ocazii &#8211; de la evenimente familiale la festivaluri na\u021bionale \u0219i interna\u021bionale &#8211; \u0219i, prin urmare, este bine \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat \u00een societate, servind drept fir de leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre genera\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/heritage-of-dede-qorqud-korkyt-ata-dede-korkut-epic-culture-folk-tales-and-music-01399\">https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/RL\/heritage-of-dede-qorqud-korkyt-ata-dede-korkut-epic-culture-folk-tales-and-music-01399<\/a><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Heritage of Dede Qorqud\/Korkyt Ata\/Dede Korkut, epic culture, folk tales and music\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bwf8DXUI0Xs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>5.Nasreddin Hoca Pove\u0219ti<\/b><\/h2>\n\n<p>Nasreddin Hoca este un filosof popular prin excelen\u021b\u0103. Multe dintre pove\u0219tile sale, ca lec\u021bii de conduit\u0103 moral\u0103 sau ca glume, ofer\u0103 un comentariu critic asupra g\u00e2ndirii \u0219i comportamentului social stereotipizat \u0219i indic\u0103 alternative pline de imagina\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n<p>Un c\u0103rturar popular, a fost considerat cel mai important protagonist al povestirilor comice cu con\u021binut emo\u021bional sau cu alt mesaj.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Nasreddin-Hoca-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Nasreddin-Hoca-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Nasreddin-Hoca-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Nasreddin-Hoca-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Nasreddin-Hoca-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/european-training.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Nasreddin-Hoca.jpg 1091w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p>Importan\u021ba lui Nasreddin Hoca nu const\u0103 \u00een incidentele relatate \u00een sine, ci \u00een semnifica\u021bia din spatele cuvintelor sale amuzante, fie ele proprii sau citate \u00een mod popular, \u0219i \u00een elementele lor satirice sau amuzante. Studiul cuvintelor despre care se crede c\u0103 sunt ale sale arat\u0103 c\u0103 el a exprimat stilul de via\u021b\u0103, sim\u021bul umorului \u0219i maniera u\u0219or satiric\u0103 a oamenilor din Anatolia \u0219i c\u0103 cuvintele sale nu trebuie considerate ca fiind limitate la o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103 sau timp. Anecdotele despre el se concentreaz\u0103 \u00een special pe dragoste, satir\u0103, laud\u0103 \u0219i batjocur\u0103 bl\u00e2nd\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.turkishculture.org\/literature\/literature\/a-turkish-wit-132.htm\">http:\/\/www.turkishculture.org\/literature\/literature\/a-turkish-wit-132.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ktb.gov.tr\/EN-117878\/life-of-nasreddin-hoca.html\">https:\/\/www.ktb.gov.tr\/EN-117878\/life-of-nasreddin-hoca.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><b>O poveste celebr\u0103 a lui Nasreddin Hoca:<\/b><\/p>\n\n<p>Critica b\u0103rba\u021bilor<\/p>\n\n<p>Hodja \u0219i fiul s\u0103u au plecat odat\u0103 \u00eentr-o c\u0103l\u0103torie. Hodja a preferat ca fiul s\u0103u s\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103reasc\u0103 m\u0103garul, iar el \u00eensu\u0219i s\u0103 mearg\u0103 pe jos. Pe drum au \u00eent\u00e2lnit ni\u0219te oameni care au spus:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Uit\u0103-te la acest t\u00e2n\u0103r s\u0103n\u0103tos! Acesta este t\u00e2n\u0103rul de ast\u0103zi pentru tine. Ei nu au niciun respect pentru b\u0103tr\u00e2ni. Se urc\u0103 pe m\u0103gar \u0219i \u00eel face pe bietul s\u0103u tat\u0103 s\u0103 mearg\u0103!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce au trecut pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 ace\u0219ti oameni, b\u0103iatul s-a sim\u021bit foarte ru\u0219inat \u0219i a insistat s\u0103 mearg\u0103 el pe jos \u0219i tat\u0103l s\u0103u s\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103reasc\u0103 m\u0103garul. A\u0219a c\u0103 Hodja a \u00eenc\u0103lecat pe m\u0103gar, iar b\u0103iatul a mers al\u0103turi de el. Pu\u021bin mai t\u00e2rziu au \u00eent\u00e2lnit al\u021bi oameni care au spus:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ei bine, uite la asta! Bietul b\u0103ie\u021bel trebuie s\u0103 mearg\u0103 pe jos \u00een timp ce tat\u0103l s\u0103u c\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te m\u0103garul.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce au trecut pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 ace\u0219ti oameni, Hodja i-a spus fiului s\u0103u:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cel mai bun lucru de f\u0103cut este ca am\u00e2ndoi s\u0103 mergem pe jos. Atunci nimeni nu se poate pl\u00e2nge.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p>A\u0219a c\u0103 \u0219i-au continuat c\u0103l\u0103toria, merg\u00e2nd am\u00e2ndoi pe jos. Pu\u021bin mai jos pe drum au \u00eent\u00e2lnit alte persoane care au spus:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Uit\u0103-te la ace\u0219ti pro\u0219ti. Am\u00e2ndoi umbl\u0103 sub soarele \u0103sta arz\u0103tor \u0219i niciunul dintre ei nu c\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te m\u0103garul!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p>Hodja s-a \u00eentors c\u0103tre fiul s\u0103u \u0219i a spus:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Asta arat\u0103 c\u00e2t de greu este s\u0103 scapi de opiniile oamenilor.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Karag\u00f6z Karag\u00f6z este o form\u0103 de teatru de umbre din Turcia, \u00een care figuri cunoscute sub numele de tasvirs, realizate din piele de c\u0103mil\u0103 sau de bou, \u00een form\u0103 de oameni sau lucruri, sunt \u021binute pe tije \u00een fa\u021ba &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[185,217],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-literatura-ro","category-turcia","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13249"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13249"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13250,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13249\/revisions\/13250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}