{"id":13159,"date":"2022-08-18T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-18T09:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/spania-literatura\/"},"modified":"2022-08-18T09:43:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-18T09:43:00","slug":"spania-literatura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/spania-literatura\/","title":{"rendered":"Spania &#8211; Literatur\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Istoria Spaniei a fost marcat\u0103 de tot felul de evenimente, r\u0103zboaie, cuceriri, c\u0103s\u0103torii, decese&#8230; iar literatura a jucat un rol important \u00een aceast\u0103 istorie. De la povestea epic\u0103 a <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/omacl.org\/Cid\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Cantar del Mio Cid&#8221;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> p\u00e2n\u0103 la suprarealismul prezent \u00een unele dintre <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/20th-cent-camilo-jose-cela.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cela<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8216;s works; de la uimitoarele aventuri ale lui <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/16th-cent-baroque-cervantes-quijote.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Don Quijote<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> la numeroasele c\u0103r\u021bi care relateaz\u0103 ororile R\u0103zboiului Civil Spaniol, literatura spaniol\u0103 a avut propriul s\u0103u mod de a influen\u021ba istoria. Literatura este o materie foarte important\u0103 \u00een toate \u0219colile spaniole, iar acest site este un ghid al evolu\u021biei literaturii spaniole de-a lungul secolelor.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cele mai bune c\u0103r\u021bi \u00een spaniol\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>El Cantar del Mio Cid<\/strong>, care spune povestea eroului legendar Rodrigo D\u00edaz de Vivar.<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Don Quijote<\/strong>, cea mai important\u0103 carte din \u00eentreaga literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103, scris\u0103 de Miguel de Cervantes.<\/li><li><strong>Lazarillo de Tormes<\/strong>,<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0romanul care a lansat genul romanului picaresc.<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Romancero Gitano<\/strong>, <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cea mai faimoas\u0103 carte de poezii spaniol\u0103, dedicat\u0103 lumii \u021big\u0103ne\u0219ti.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Literatura spaniol\u0103<\/strong> are o gam\u0103 imens\u0103 de c\u0103r\u021bi care trebuie citite, dar pentru a le citi pe toate ar fi nevoie de nenum\u0103ra\u021bi ani. Acestea sunt cele mai emblematice opere ale literaturii spaniole, de la prima manifestare din timpul secolului al XII-lea p\u00e2n\u0103 la marile poeme ale lui Federico Garcia Lorca.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Literatura spaniol\u0103 &#8211; \u00cenceputurile<\/h2>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Istoria <strong>literaturii spaniole<\/strong> \u00eencepe cu <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/cantar-del-mio-cid.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;El Cantar del Mio Cid&#8221;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (secolul al XII-lea), o nara\u021biune epic\u0103 transmis\u0103 pe cale oral\u0103 prin intermediul povestitorilor. Cu toate acestea, primele m\u0103rturii scrise ale literaturii spaniole \u00eencep \u00een secolul al XIII-lea, cu literatura Evului Mediu, care a cultivat toate genurile \u00een proz\u0103, poezie \u0219i teatru. Sf\u00e2r\u0219itul Evului Mediu (cunoscut uneori sub numele de perioada pre-renascentist\u0103) este o perioad\u0103 foarte prolific\u0103 pentru literatura spaniol\u0103, cu dezvoltarea unor opere precum &#8220;Coplas a la muerte de mi padre&#8221; (Jorge Manrique) \u0219i &#8220;La Celestina&#8221; (Fernando de Rojas).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen timpul <strong>Rena\u0219terii<\/strong>, influen\u021ba Italiei \u00een Spania a fost foarte puternic\u0103 \u0219i, prin urmare, \u0219i influen\u021ba religioas\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 exist\u0103 o mare produc\u021bie de lucr\u0103ri religioase cu autori precum Fray Luis de Leon sau San JUan de la Cruz. Romanele pastorale sau didactice erau, de asemenea, destul de populare, iar genul picaresc a devenit popular cu &#8220;Lazarillo de Tormes&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103 &#8211; perioada baroc\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Barocul spaniol coincide cu <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/16th-cent-baroque-literature.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epoca de Aur<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a literaturii spaniole, numit\u0103 astfel datorit\u0103 num\u0103rului mare de produc\u021bii literare excelente care au ap\u0103rut \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/16th-cent-baroque-cervantes-life.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Miguel de Cervantes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> este, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, autorul baroc suprem. Capodopera sa, aventurile cavalerului nebun &#8220;Don Quijote&#8221;, este considerat\u0103 cea mai important\u0103 carte a literaturii spaniole \u0219i una dintre cele mai importante din literatura universal\u0103. Al\u021bi autori importan\u021bi din aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 sunt poetul Quevedo \u0219i dramaturgul Lope de Vega.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103 &#8211; Perioada iluminist\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perioada <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/18th-cent-enlightenment-literature.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">iluminist\u0103<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> din literatura spaniol\u0103 poate fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een trei perioade diferite: perioada postbaroc\u0103, perioada neoclasic\u0103 \u0219i perioada preromantic\u0103. Iluminismul dore\u0219te o ruptur\u0103 cu vechiul concept de autoritate \u0219i consider\u0103 c\u0103 ra\u021biunea este mai important\u0103 dec\u00e2t sentimentele sau emo\u021biile. Acesta este motivul pentru care aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 nu are un grup puternic de poezie. \u00cen proz\u0103, eseurile \u0219i textele didactice sunt cele mai populare tipuri de lucr\u0103ri, mai ales \u00een r\u00e2ndul litera\u021bilor. Ziarele ajut\u0103 la r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor despre alte \u021b\u0103ri europene \u00een jurul Spaniei.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Literatura spaniol\u0103 &#8211; Romantism \u0219i realism<\/h2>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/19th-cent-romanticism.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Romantismul<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> apare ca o reac\u021bie \u00eempotriva regulilor stricte ale Iluminismului \u0219i, \u00een opozi\u021bie cu acesta, acord\u0103 mai mult\u0103 importan\u021b\u0103 sentimentelor dec\u00e2t ra\u021biunii. Romantismul poate fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een dou\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri diferite: romantismul tradi\u021bional (ap\u0103r\u0103 valorile tradi\u021bionale reprezentate de Biseric\u0103 \u0219i de stat) \u0219i romantismul liberal (combate ordinea stabilit\u0103, religia, arta \u0219i politica, \u0219i revendic\u0103 drepturile indivizilor fa\u021b\u0103 de societate \u0219i legi).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Realismul apare atunci c\u00e2nd litera\u021bii s-au s\u0103turat de subiectivismul romantismului \u0219i caut\u0103 ceva mai real. S-au s\u0103turat de imagina\u021bie \u0219i de culoare \u0219i au c\u0103utat s\u0103 observe oamenii, societatea \u0219i tradi\u021biile contemporane \u00een mod obiectiv. Scopul s\u0103u era s\u0103 prezinte cel mai adev\u0103rat portret al societ\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103 &#8211; secolul XX<\/h2>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/20th-cent-history.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secolul XX<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> este un secol de mari schimb\u0103ri \u00een Spania. Nu exist\u0103 o mi\u0219care specific\u0103. Mai degrab\u0103, fiecare autor \u00ee\u0219i dezvolt\u0103 un stil personal. Romanele devin genul cel mai popular, iar temele sociale sunt foarte frecvente, \u00een special cele legate de via\u021ba din Spania \u00een timpul R\u0103zboiului Civil Spaniol \u0219i a dictaturii care a urmat. Exist\u0103 trei genera\u021bii importante de scriitori \u00een secolul al XX-lea care configureaz\u0103 literatura spaniol\u0103 din aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103: Genera\u021bia <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/20th-cent-generation-of-98.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">din<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8217;98, Genera\u021bia din &#8216;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/20th-cent-generation-of-14.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i Genera\u021bia <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/20th-cent-generation-of-27.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">din &#8217;27<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 ve\u021bi studia vreodat\u0103 spaniola, citirea unora dintre operele acestor mari autori spanioli v\u0103 va oferi o cunoa\u0219tere suplimentar\u0103 a modului de via\u021b\u0103 spaniol.<\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Listeaz\u0103-\u021bi site-ul \u00een <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hotvsnot.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">directorul web Hot Vs Not<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Po\u021bi g\u0103si alte resurse conexe \u00een <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hotvsnot.com\/Arts\/Literature\/World_Literature\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">directorul World Literature Directory<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cele mai importante c\u0103r\u021bi spaniole:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cantar del Mio Cid: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/cantar-del-mio-cid.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/cantar-del-mio-cid.html<\/a><\/li><li>Don Quijote: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/16th-cent-baroque-cervantes-quijote.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/16th-cent-baroque-cervantes-quijote.html<\/a><\/li><li>Lazarillo de Tormes: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/lazarillo-de-tormes.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/lazarillo-de-tormes.html<\/a><\/li><li>Romancero Gitano: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/federico-garcia-lorca-romancero-gitano.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/federico-garcia-lorca-romancero-gitano.html<\/a><\/li><li><strong>Literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103: Secolul XVI-XVII:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/16th-cent-baroque-history.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/16th-cent-baroque-history.html<\/a><\/li><li><strong>Literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103: Secolul al XVIII-lea:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/18th-cent-enlightenment-history.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/18th-cent-enlightenment-history.html<\/a><\/li><li><strong>Literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103: Secolul al XIX-lea:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/19th-cent-history.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/19th-cent-history.html<\/a><\/li><li><strong>Literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103: secolul XX:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/20th-cent-history.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/20th-cent-history.html<\/a><\/li><li>Literatur\u0103 spaniol\u0103 contemporan\u0103: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/contemporary-spanish-literature.html\">https:\/\/www.classicspanishbooks.com\/contemporary-spanish-literature.html<\/a><\/li><li>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/historyofspain.es\/en\/video\/the-history-of-spanish-literature\/\">https:\/\/historyofspain.es\/en\/video\/the-history-of-spanish-literature\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Istoria Spaniei a fost marcat\u0103 de tot felul de evenimente, r\u0103zboaie, cuceriri, c\u0103s\u0103torii, decese&#8230; iar literatura a jucat un rol important \u00een aceast\u0103 istorie. De la povestea epic\u0103 a &#8220;Cantar del Mio Cid&#8221; p\u00e2n\u0103 la suprarealismul prezent \u00een unele dintre &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[185,212],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-literatura-ro","category-spania","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13159"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13159"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13160,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13159\/revisions\/13160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}