{"id":12780,"date":"2022-08-09T07:45:56","date_gmt":"2022-08-09T07:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/belgia-istorie\/"},"modified":"2022-08-09T07:45:57","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T07:45:57","slug":"belgia-istorie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/belgia-istorie\/","title":{"rendered":"Belgia &#8211; Istorie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Istoria Belgiei este anterioar\u0103 fond\u0103rii statului modern cu acest nume \u00een 1830 \u0219i se \u00eemplete\u0219te cu cea a vecinilor s\u0103i: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_Netherlands\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u021a\u0103rile de Jos<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Germany\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germania<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_France\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fran\u021ba<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Luxembourg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luxemburg<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00cen cea mai mare parte a istoriei sale, ceea ce este ast\u0103zi <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgium\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Belgia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a fost fie parte a unui teritoriu mai mare, cum ar fi <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carolingian_Empire\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imperiul Carolingian<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, fie a fost \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een mai multe state mai mici, printre care se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duchy_of_Brabant\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ducatul de Brabant<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Comitatul <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/County_of_Flanders\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flandra<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Principatul-episcopat de Li\u00e8ge<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/County_of_Luxembourg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comitatul Luxemburg<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Datorit\u0103 pozi\u021biei sale strategice \u0219i a istoriei sale ca \u021bar\u0103 de contact \u00eentre diferite culturi, Belgia a fost numit\u0103 &#8220;r\u0103scrucea Europei&#8221;; pentru numeroasele armate care au luptat pe teritoriul s\u0103u, a fost numit\u0103 \u0219i &#8220;c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103 al Europei&#8221;.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Belgium#cite_note-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sau &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cockfight\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cabina de pilotaj<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a Europei&#8221;.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Belgium#cite_note-OUP:_phrase-fable-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Este, de asemenea, remarcabil\u0103 ca na\u021biune european\u0103 care con\u021bine \u0219i este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 de o <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Language_boundary\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">grani\u021b\u0103 lingvistic\u0103<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00eentre <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_language\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">franceza <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romance_languages\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de origine latin\u0103<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_language\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olandeza de origine <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germanic_languages\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">germanic\u0103<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forma modern\u0103 a Belgiei poate fi urm\u0103rit\u0103 cel pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een centrul sudic al <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burgundian_Netherlands\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u021a\u0103rilor de Jos burgunde<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> medievale. Aceste \u021binuturi se aflau de-a lungul vechii grani\u021be a r\u00e2ului <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scheldt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scheldt<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, care \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bea Fran\u021ba \u0219i Germania medieval\u0103, dar au fost reunite sub conducerea <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Valois-Burgundy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Casei de Valois-Burgundia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i unificate \u00eentr-un singur teritoriu autonom de c\u0103tre mo\u0219tenitorul lor<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Carol al V-lea, \u00cemp\u0103ratul Sf\u00e2ntului Imperiu Roman<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, prin <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1549\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanc\u021biunea Pragmatic\u0103 din 1549<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eighty_Years%27_War\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u0103zboiul de 80 de ani<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1568-1648) a dus mai t\u00e2rziu la divizarea \u00eentre o <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_Republic\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Republic\u0103 O<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">landez\u0103 de nord \u0219i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Netherlands\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u021a\u0103rile de Jos de sud<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, din care s-au dezvoltat Belgia \u0219i Luxemburg. Acest teritoriu sudic a continuat s\u0103 fie condus de urma\u0219ii hab<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Habsburg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sburgici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ai casei Burgundia, la \u00eenceput sub numele de &#8220;\u021a\u0103rile de Jos spaniole&#8221;. Invaziile dinspre Fran\u021ba sub <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_XIV\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ludovic al XIV-lea<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> au dus la pierderea a ceea ce ast\u0103zi este <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nord-Pas-de-Calais\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nord-Pas-de-Calais<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00een favoarea Fran\u021bei, \u00een timp ce restul teritoriului a devenit \u00een cele din urm\u0103 &#8220;\u021a\u0103rile de Jos austriece&#8221;. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Revolutionary_wars\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u0103zboaiele revolu\u021bionare <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">franceze au dus la intrarea Belgiei \u00een componen\u021ba Fran\u021bei \u00een 1795, pun\u00e2nd cap\u0103t semi-independen\u021bei zonelor care apar\u021binuser\u0103 bisericii catolice. Dup\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea francezilor \u00een 1814, a fost creat un nou <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regat Unit al \u021a\u0103rilor de<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Jos, care \u00een cele din urm\u0103 s-a divizat \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 \u00een timpul <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgian_Revolution\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revolu\u021biei belgiene<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> din 1830-1839, d\u00e2nd na\u0219tere la trei na\u021biuni moderne, Belgia, \u021a\u0103rile de Jos \u0219i Luxemburg.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Porturile \u0219i industria textil\u0103 din Belgia au fost importante \u00eenc\u0103 din Evul Mediu, iar Belgia modern\u0103 a fost una dintre primele \u021b\u0103ri care a cunoscut o <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Industrial_Revolution\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">revolu\u021bie industrial\u0103<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, care a adus prosperitate \u00een secolul al XIX-lea, dar a deschis \u0219i o dihotomie politic\u0103 \u00eentre oamenii de afaceri liberali \u0219i muncitorii sociali\u0219ti. Regele \u0219i-a \u00eenfiin\u021bat propriul imperiu colonial privat \u00een <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belgian_Congo\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Congo belgian<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pe care guvernul l-a preluat dup\u0103 un scandal major \u00een 1908. Belgia a fost neutr\u0103, dar pozi\u021bia sa strategic\u0103, ca drum spre Fran\u021ba, a f\u0103cut din ea o \u021bint\u0103 de invazie pentru Germania \u00een 1914 \u0219i 1940. Condi\u021biile \u00een timpul ocupa\u021biei au fost severe. \u00cen perioada postbelic\u0103, Belgia a fost un lider \u00een unificarea european\u0103, fiind membru fondator a ceea ce a devenit <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uniunea European\u0103<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00cen prezent, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brussels\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bruxelles<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> g\u0103zduie\u0219te sediul <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NATO<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i este capitala <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de facto <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a Uniunii Europene. Coloniile au devenit independente la \u00eenceputul anilor 1960.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Din punct de vedere politic, \u021bara a fost odat\u0103 polarizat\u0103 pe probleme de religie \u0219i, \u00een ultimele decenii, s-a confruntat cu noi diviziuni din cauza <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_of_Belgium\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">diferen\u021belor de limb\u0103<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0219i a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Belgium\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dezvolt\u0103rii economice inegale<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Acest antagonism permanent a cauzat <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_reform_in_Belgium\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reforme profunde \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anii 1970<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, transform\u00e2nd fostul stat belgian unitar \u00eentr-un stat federal, precum \u0219i crize guvernamentale repetate. \u00cen prezent, este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een trei regiuni: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flanders\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flandra<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (vorbitoare de olandez\u0103) \u00een nord, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wallonia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Valonia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (francofon\u0103) \u00een sud \u0219i Bruxellesul bilingv \u00een centru. Exist\u0103, de asemenea, o popula\u021bie germanofon\u0103 de-a lungul grani\u021bei cu Germania, care a fost acordat\u0103 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prussia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prusiei<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congress_of_Vienna\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Congresul de la Viena<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> din 1815, dar care a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 Belgiei \u00een urma <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Versailles\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tratatului de la Versailles<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> din 1919, dup\u0103 Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial. Germana este a treia limb\u0103 oficial\u0103 a Belgiei.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Belgium\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Belgium<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Istoria Belgiei este anterioar\u0103 fond\u0103rii statului modern cu acest nume \u00een 1830 \u0219i se \u00eemplete\u0219te cu cea a vecinilor s\u0103i: \u021a\u0103rile de Jos, Germania, Fran\u021ba \u0219i Luxemburg. \u00cen cea mai mare parte a istoriei sale, ceea ce este ast\u0103zi Belgia &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,186],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-belgia","category-istorie","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12780"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12780"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12781,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12780\/revisions\/12781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}