{"id":12774,"date":"2022-08-09T07:35:49","date_gmt":"2022-08-09T07:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/belgia-muzica\/"},"modified":"2022-08-09T07:35:49","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T07:35:49","slug":"belgia-muzica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/belgia-muzica\/","title":{"rendered":"Belgia – Muzic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Muzica Belgiei este un amestec cultural \u00een care tradi\u021biile <\/span>flamande de limb\u0103 <\/span><\/a>olandez\u0103<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>valon\u0103 <\/span><\/a>francofon\u0103<\/span><\/a> se \u00eembin\u0103 cu cele ale minorit\u0103\u021bilor germane \u0219i ale comunit\u0103\u021bilor de imigran\u021bi din <\/span>Republica Democratic\u0103 Congo<\/span><\/a> sau din alte \u021b\u0103ri \u00eendep\u0103rtate.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Muzic\u0103 veche \u0219i clasic\u0103<\/h3>\n\n

Mul\u021bi dintre principalii compozitori din secolele al XV-lea \u0219i al XVI-lea ai <\/span>\u0218colii franco-flamande – un<\/span><\/a> curent de <\/span>polifonie<\/span><\/a> vocal\u0103 care a jucat un rol central \u00een muzica de art\u0103 european\u0103 a vremii – s-au n\u0103scut \u0219i au crescut \u00een partea <\/span>\u021a\u0103rilor de Jos<\/span><\/a> situat\u0103 \u00een Belgia de ast\u0103zi, adesea \u00een <\/span>Hainaut<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a> Compozitorul \u0219i teoreticianul muzical al Evului Mediu t\u00e2rziu <\/span>Johannes Ciconia<\/span><\/a> (c. 1370-1412) s-a n\u0103scut la <\/span>Li\u00e8ge<\/span><\/a>, dar, la fel ca mul\u021bi polifoni\u0219ti flamanzi de mai t\u00e2rziu, \u0219i-a petrecut o mare parte din via\u021b\u0103 lucr\u00e2nd \u00een <\/span>Italia Rena\u0219terii<\/span><\/a>. De\u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne neclar de ce muzicienii <\/span>flamanzi<\/span><\/a> \u0219i al\u021bi muzicieni <\/span>olandezi<\/span><\/a> au exercitat o influen\u021b\u0103 at\u00e2t de puternic\u0103 asupra <\/span>muzicii renascentiste<\/span><\/a> din \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103 (o ax\u0103 deosebit de puternic\u0103 dezvolt\u00e2ndu-se \u00eentre Li\u00e8ge \u0219i <\/span>Roma<\/span><\/a>), o posibilitate este accentul pus la nivel local pe teoria muzicii.<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a> Guillaume Dufay<\/span><\/a> (c. 1397-1474), care s-a n\u0103scut l\u00e2ng\u0103 <\/span>Bruxelles<\/span><\/a> (s-a mutat \u00een copil\u0103rie la <\/span>Cambrai<\/span><\/a>, \u0219i a lucrat, de asemenea, \u00een Italia), a fost o figur\u0103 cheie a <\/span>\u0218colii burgunde<\/span><\/a> de la \u00eenceputul secolului al XV-lea, fiind considerat de contemporanii s\u0103i drept cel mai important compozitor al epocii.<\/span>[2]<\/span><\/a> O alt\u0103 figur\u0103 influent\u0103 a fost <\/span>Gilles Binchois<\/span><\/a> (c. 1400-1460): n\u0103scut probabil \u00een <\/span>Mons<\/span><\/a> (sau \u00een apropiere de <\/span>Binche<\/span><\/a>), s-a mutat la <\/span>Lille<\/span><\/a>, cel mai mare ora\u0219 din ceea ce este ast\u0103zi <\/span>Flandra francez\u0103<\/span><\/a>, \u0219i, spre deosebire de mul\u021bi dintre contemporanii s\u0103i, a p\u0103strat leg\u0103turi profesionale cu <\/span>curtea burgund\u0103<\/span><\/a> pe tot parcursul vie\u021bii sale.<\/span>[3]<\/span><\/a> Johannes Ockeghem<\/span><\/a> (c. 1410-1497) este, de asemenea, considerat unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi compozitori ai secolului al XV-lea; originar din Hainaut, el \u0219i-a petrecut cea mai mare parte a carierei lucr\u00e2nd pentru curtea francez\u0103.<\/span>[4]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n

Migra\u021bia \u0219i influen\u021ba compozitorilor olandezi a atins apogeul aproximativ \u00eentre 1480 \u0219i 1520, \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care muzicieni talenta\u021bi din \u021a\u0103rile de Jos au fost recruta\u021bi la cur\u021bile \u0219i catedralele de pe \u00eentregul continent, constituind efectiv \u0219coala de muzic\u0103 a Europei.<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a> Muzica din <\/span>Josquin des Prez<\/span><\/a> (c. 1450-1521) a fost considerat\u0103 un model estetic pentru o mare parte din <\/span>Rena\u0219terea \u00eenalt\u0103<\/span><\/a> din secolul al XVI-lea; de\u0219i \u00een timpul vie\u021bii sale a fost men\u021bionat ca fiind francez (a lucrat at\u00e2t \u00een Fran\u021ba, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een Italia), el s-a n\u0103scut probabil \u00een Hainaut.<\/span>[5]<\/span><\/a> Al\u021bi compozitori influen\u021bi ai perioadei ale c\u0103ror origini pot fi urm\u0103rite \u00een zona belgian\u0103 a \u021a\u0103rilor de Jos sunt <\/span>Jacob Obrecht<\/span><\/a> (c. 1457-1505), <\/span>Pierre de La Rue<\/span><\/a> (c. 1452-1518), <\/span>Alexander Agricola<\/span><\/a> (c. 1445-1506) \u0219i <\/span>Gaspar van Weerbeke<\/span><\/a> (c. 1445-c. 1516).<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a> De\u0219i emigrarea muzicienilor din \u021a\u0103rile de Jos a continuat \u0219i \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XVI-lea, hegemonia influen\u021bei olandeze era pe cale de dispari\u021bie.<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a> Una dintre ultimele figuri cu adev\u0103rat influente ale epocii a fost <\/span>Orlande de Lassus<\/span><\/a> (c. 1532-1594).<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a> Un alt nativ din Mons, Lassus a devenit unul dintre cei mai versatili compozitori ai secolului \u0219i (conform intr\u0103rii sale \u00een <\/span>Grove<\/span><\/i><\/a>) “cel mai cunoscut \u0219i mai admirat muzician din Europa”.<\/span>[6]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n

Andr\u00e9 Ernest Modeste Gr\u00e9try<\/span><\/a> a fost cel mai faimos compozitor – n\u0103scut \u00een ceea ce ast\u0103zi se nume\u0219te Belgia – din secolul al XVIII-lea. Secolul al XIX-lea a furnizat compozitori precum <\/span>Henri Vieuxtemps<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>C\u00e9sar Franck<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Guillaume Lekeu<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Eug\u00e8ne Ysa\u00ffe<\/span><\/a>. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XX-lea, cei mai notabili compozitori belgieni au fost <\/span>Piet Swerts<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Wim Mertens<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u00cen domeniul operei, baritonii Jules Bastin \u0219i <\/span>Jos\u00e9 van Dam<\/span><\/a> au devenit cei mai faimo\u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bi de oper\u0103 belgieni de succes pe plan interna\u021bional. \u00cen genul clasic mai u\u0219or, c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bul flamand <\/span>Helmut Lotti<\/span><\/a> a atins succesul interna\u021bional cu interpret\u0103rile sale de c\u00e2ntece de oper\u0103 populare pentru publicul larg.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XX-lea \u0219i \u00eenceputul secolului al XXI-lea, arti\u0219ti belgieni precum <\/span>Wieland Kuijken<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Marcel Ponseele<\/span><\/a> au contribuit la <\/span>interpretarea <\/span><\/a>muzicii baroce<\/span><\/a> \u00een baza unor <\/span>informa\u021bii istorice<\/span><\/a>, cu ansamblurile lor <\/span>La Petite Bande<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>il Gardellino<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Jazz \u0219i blues<\/h3>\n\n

Unul dintre cele mai cunoscute instrumente de <\/span>jazz<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>saxofonul<\/span><\/a>, a fost inventat de un belgian: <\/span>Adolphe Sax<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Printre arti\u0219tii belgieni cunoscu\u021bi de blues se num\u0103r\u0103 <\/span>Elmore D<\/span><\/a> (care c\u00e2nt\u0103 \u00een englez\u0103 \u0219i \u00een dialect valon) \u0219i flamandul <\/span>Roland van Campenhout<\/span><\/a> (cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de Roland).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u00cen anii 1930, chitaristul belgian de muzic\u0103 <\/span>\u021big\u0103neasc\u0103 <\/span><\/a>Django Reinhardt<\/span><\/a> a devenit unul dintre primii muzicieni de jazz importan\u021bi care s-au n\u0103scut \u00een Europa \u0219i unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi chitari\u0219ti de jazz din toate timpurile. \u00cen 1949, <\/span>Toots Thielemans<\/span><\/a> s-a al\u0103turat unei <\/span>jam session<\/span><\/a> la Paris cu <\/span>Sidney Bechet<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Charlie Parker<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Miles Davis<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Max Roach<\/span><\/a> \u0219i al\u021bii. S-a mutat \u00een SUA \u00een 1952, unde a fost membru al forma\u021biei Charlie Parker’s All-Stars. Toots Thielemans este adesea considerat de c\u0103tre pasiona\u021bii \u0219i criticii de jazz drept cel mai mare <\/span>armonicist<\/span><\/a> de jazz al secolului. Muzica sa a fost folosit\u0103 \u00een filme precum <\/span>Midnight Cowboy<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Turkish Delight<\/span><\/a>, precum \u0219i \u00een seriale de televiziune precum <\/span>Sesame Street<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Baantjer<\/span><\/a>. Al\u021bi arti\u0219ti belgieni bine cunoscu\u021bi sunt <\/span>Aka Moon<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Bobby Jaspar<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Bert Joris<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Philip Catherine<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Steve Houben, <\/span><\/a>Octurn<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Ren\u00e9 Thomas<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Muzic\u0103 popular\u0103 \u0219i alte muzici tradi\u021bionale<\/h3>\n\n

Bobbejaan Schoepen<\/span><\/a> a fost un pionier al <\/span>vodevilului<\/span><\/a> belgian \u0219i al <\/span>muzicii pop<\/span><\/a> \u00eenc\u0103 de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor 1940. Nu numai c\u0103 a fost primul c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021b belgian care a reu\u0219it s\u0103 fac\u0103 o descoperire interna\u021bional\u0103, dar a fost \u0219i primul care a folosit echipamente moderne, un tourbus personal \u0219i un sistem de sponsorizare a arti\u0219tilor. De asemenea, a introdus primele \u00eenregistr\u0103ri country & western \u00een <\/span>\u021a\u0103rile de Jos<\/span><\/a> \u0219i \u00een Germania. \u00cen anii 1950 <\/span>Bobbejaan Schoepen<\/span><\/a> a \u00eenregistrat propria sa muzic\u0103 folk absolut nebun\u0103, c\u00e2nt\u00e2nd adesea \u00een dialect <\/span>flamand<\/span><\/a>. A fost, de asemenea, un fluiera\u0219 virtuoz.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

De la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor 1960, <\/span>Flandra<\/span><\/a> a cunoscut o rena\u0219tere vie a muzicii tradi\u021bionale (\u0219i, \u00eentr-o mai mic\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103, a dansurilor tradi\u021bionale) prin eforturile unor muzicieni precum <\/span>Wannes Van de Velde<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Willem Vermandere<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Walter De Buck<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Hubert Boone<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Herman De Wit<\/span><\/a> \u0219i mul\u021bi al\u021bii. Ace\u0219tia au inspirat o nou\u0103 genera\u021bie de muzicieni folk prin publica\u021biile lor scrise \u0219i \u00eenregistrate, precum \u0219i prin festivaluri \u0219i academii de var\u0103 \u0219i cursuri de m\u0103iestrie organizate cu regularitate.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Muzica popular\u0103 valon\u0103 nu a avut o rena\u0219tere la fel de vibrant\u0103 ca cea flamand\u0103, dar arti\u0219ti precum <\/span>Co\u00efncidence<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Remy Dubois<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Luc Pilartz<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Rue du Village<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Claude Flagel<\/span><\/a> au p\u0103strat vii tradi\u021biile populare.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Contrar evolu\u021biei generale, a existat \u00eentotdeauna o mare deschidere dincolo de a\u0219a-numitele bariere lingvistice – exist\u0103 multe colabor\u0103ri \u00eentre muzicieni belgieni de limbi diferite.<\/p>\n\n

Chanson<\/h3>\n\n

Cel mai mare chansonnier belgian a fost <\/span>Jacques Brel<\/span><\/a>, ale c\u0103rui c\u00e2ntece clasice au fost preluate de mai mul\u021bi arti\u0219ti interna\u021bionali, precum <\/span>David Bowie<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Frank Sinatra<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Scott Walker<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Terry Jacks<\/span><\/a>. Al\u021bii, precum <\/span>Salvatore Adamo<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Pierre Rapsat<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Arno, <\/span><\/a>Maurane<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Axelle Red<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Lara Fabian<\/span><\/a> s-au bucurat, de asemenea, de un oarecare succes \u00een alte \u021b\u0103ri francofone.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Stilul chanson francez a inspirat \u0219i unii c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bi de limb\u0103 olandez\u0103, precum <\/span>Kor Van der Goten<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Jan De Wilde<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Dialectul care c\u00e2nt\u0103<\/h3>\n\n

Odat\u0103 cu rena\u0219terea folk-ului din anii 1960 a ap\u0103rut un nou interes pentru c\u00e2ntatul \u00een dialect. Pionierul <\/span>Wannes Van de Velde<\/span><\/a> a avut \u00een cur\u00e2nd un public, mai ales \u00een stilurile folk \u0219i tradi\u021bional, dar \u00een cele din urm\u0103 s-a extins \u0219i la rockul comic al trupei <\/span>The Clement Peerens Explosition<\/span><\/a> \u0219i la hip-hop-ul lui <\/span>Flip Kowlier<\/span><\/a>. Al\u021bii, de\u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103 \u00een cea mai mare parte \u00een olandez\u0103 standard, includ ocazional o fraz\u0103 sau chiar un c\u00e2ntec complet \u00een dialect (de exemplu, <\/span>Johan Verminnen<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Rue des Bouchers <\/span><\/i>\u0219i <\/span>Raymond van het Groenewoud<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Je veux de l’amour<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Pop \u0219i rock<\/h3>\n\n

\u00cen perioada 1950-1960 \u0219i \u00een deceniile urm\u0103toare, cel mai popular c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021b flamand de succes, de durat\u0103, comercial \u0219i critic a fost <\/span>Will Tura<\/span><\/a>, al c\u0103rui cel mai cunoscut hit \u00een <\/span>Flandra<\/span><\/a> este “Ik ben zo eenzaam zonder jou” (1963) (“Sunt at\u00e2t de singur f\u0103r\u0103 tine”).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Cei mai populari \u0219i mai longevivi arti\u0219ti din Flandra \u0219i \u021a\u0103rile de Jos care c\u00e2nt\u0103 fie \u00een dialectul flamand, fie \u00een olandeza standard sunt <\/span>Eddy Wally<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Raymond van het Groenewoud, <\/span><\/a>Willem Vermandere<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>De Kreuners, <\/span><\/a>Clouseau<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Gorki (forma\u021bie), <\/span><\/a>Noordkaap<\/span><\/a>, \u0219i <\/span>De Mens<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u00cen 1959, c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bul belgian de origine italian\u0103 <\/span>Rocco Granata<\/span><\/a> a \u00eenregistrat un mare succes european cu piesa “Marina”. C\u0103lug\u0103ri\u021ba c\u00e2nt\u0103rea\u021b\u0103 <\/span>Soeur Sourire<\/span><\/a> a avut un succes interna\u021bional num\u0103rul unu \u00een 1963 cu “<\/span>Dominique<\/span><\/a>“. A c\u00e2\u0219tigat un <\/span>premiu Grammy<\/span><\/a> pentru cea mai bun\u0103 \u00eenregistrare gospel \u00een 1964 pentru acest c\u00e2ntec \u0219i a fost nominalizat\u0103 la alte c\u00e2teva categorii, inclusiv la cea <\/span>a albumului anului<\/span><\/a>. Atunci c\u00e2nd cultura folk \u0219i hippie a atins \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it o coard\u0103 sonor\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreaga lume, grupurile <\/span>The Pebbles<\/span><\/a> (“Seven Horses in the Sky”, “I Get Around”) \u0219i <\/span>The Wallace Collection<\/span><\/a> (“Daydream”) au avut un succes interna\u021bional considerabil. <\/span>Irish Coffee<\/span><\/a>, o trup\u0103 de hard rock din <\/span>Aalst<\/span><\/a>, a ob\u021binut, de asemenea, un succes local considerabil \u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103. Din cauza lipsei unui management cu adev\u0103rat profesionist, aceste c\u00e2teva grupuri pop nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i construiasc\u0103 o carier\u0103 interna\u021bional\u0103 durabil\u0103, o tendin\u021b\u0103 care a continuat \u00een anii 1970, c\u00e2nd cei mai de succes arti\u0219ti au c\u00e2ntat \u00een limba lor matern\u0103. Singurul artist nou de succes interna\u021bional a fost <\/span>Plastic Bertrand<\/span><\/a>. (A se vedea “Punk” de mai jos).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Adev\u0103ratul succes interna\u021bional pentru arti\u0219tii belgieni a \u00eenceput \u00een 1980 cu grupul rock <\/span>TC Matic<\/span><\/a>. Ace\u0219tia au fost destul de populari \u00een restul Europei cu numere precum “Oh la la la la” \u0219i “Putain Putain”. Solistul <\/span>Arno<\/span><\/a> \u0219i-a \u00eenceput mai t\u00e2rziu o carier\u0103 solo de succes. Multe grupuri \u0219i arti\u0219ti au avut un succes considerabil \u00een alte \u021b\u0103ri, dar de obicei nu au ajuns mult mai departe de Europa de Vest. Excep\u021bii notabile au fost <\/span>Maurane<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Jo Lemaire, <\/span><\/a>Soulsister<\/span><\/a> (“The Way To Your Heart”, 1987) \u0219i <\/span>Vaya Con Dios<\/span><\/a> (“Puerto Rico”, 1988).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Indie rock<\/h3>\n\n

La \u00eenceputul anilor 1990, multe trupe de <\/span>rock alternativ<\/span><\/a> au \u00eenceput \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 o mai mare recunoa\u0219tere \u0219i succes interna\u021bional. \u00cen <\/span>Anvers<\/span><\/a>, a luat na\u0219tere o scen\u0103 <\/span>indie rock<\/span><\/a> plin\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103, unde <\/span>dEUS<\/span><\/a> este probabil cea mai cunoscut\u0103, al\u0103turi de al\u021bi oameni \u0219i grupuri precum <\/span>Zita Swoon<\/span><\/a> (fost Moondog Jr), <\/span>Evil Superstars<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Kiss My Jazz<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Dead Man Ray, <\/span><\/a>K’s Choice<\/span><\/a> (“<\/span>Not an Addict<\/span><\/a>“), <\/span>Admiral Freebee<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Die Anarchistische Abendunterhaltung<\/span><\/a>. \u00cen genul <\/span>noise, <\/span><\/a>Antwerp<\/span><\/a> g\u0103zduie\u0219te trupa de pionierat <\/span>Club Moral<\/span><\/a>. <\/span>Gent<\/span><\/a> are, de asemenea, o scen\u0103 indie \u00een plin\u0103 expansiune: <\/span>Absynthe Minded<\/span><\/a>Das Pop<\/span><\/a>,<\/span> Das Pop<\/span><\/a>, Millionaire, <\/span>Zornik<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Awaken<\/span><\/a> \u0219i trupa de succes <\/span>Soulwax<\/span><\/a> aduc un indie rock cu o tent\u0103 ceva mai dur\u0103 dec\u00e2t colegii lor din Anvers, \u00een timp ce The Vogues (Bruxelles) au un sound cu influen\u021be britanice. Al\u021bi arti\u0219ti populari sunt <\/span>Triggerfinger<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Gabriel R\u00edos<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Ghinzu<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Punk<\/h3>\n\n

Cele mai cunoscute trupe <\/span>punk<\/span><\/a> belgiene sunt Chainsaw, <\/span>The Kids<\/span><\/a> (“Fascist Cops”, “There will be no Next Time”), <\/span>Janez Detd<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Funeral Dress<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Plastic Bertrand<\/span><\/a>, care a avut un succes mondial cu “\u00c7a Plane Pour Moi” (1978).<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Flandra de Vest<\/span><\/a> a g\u0103zduit scena underground <\/span>hardcore punk<\/span><\/a> “H8000” (pronun\u021bat “Hate-Thousand”) \u00een anii 1990. Trupele din cadrul scenei s-au inspirat puternic din <\/span>heavy metal<\/span><\/a> \u0219i au urmat un stil de via\u021b\u0103 <\/span>straight edge<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>vegan<\/span><\/a>. Unele trupe au contribuit la pionieratul dezvolt\u0103rii <\/span>metalcore<\/span><\/a> \u0219i apoi, mai t\u00e2rziu, a <\/span>metalcore melodic<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>deathcore<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>[7]<\/span><\/a> Printre grupurile din cadrul scenei se num\u0103r\u0103 Congress, Liar, Blindfold, Shortsight, Regression \u0219i Spirit of Youth.<\/span>[8]<\/span><\/a> Good Life Recordings<\/span><\/a> a semnat \u0219i a lansat o mare parte din muzica scenei.<\/span>[9]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n

Metal<\/h3>\n\n

Printre cele mai cunoscute trupe belgiene de metal se num\u0103r\u0103 trupele de death metal <\/span>Aborted<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Ostrogoth<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Killer, <\/span><\/a>Emeth<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Fractured Insanity, <\/span><\/a>Warbeast Remains<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Serial Butcher<\/span><\/a>, cvartetul grindcore <\/span>Leng Tch’e<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Agathocles<\/span><\/a>, trupele de black metal <\/span>Enthroned, <\/span><\/a>Saille<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Ancient Rites<\/span><\/a>, trupa de folk metal <\/span>Ithilien<\/span><\/a> \u0219i trupa de heavy metal <\/span>Channel Zero<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Hip-hop<\/h3>\n\n

Hooverphonic<\/span><\/a> este o celebr\u0103 trup\u0103 belgian\u0103 de <\/span>trip hop<\/span><\/a>, care a \u00eenregistrat hituri cu “Mad About You” \u0219i “Vinegar and Salt”.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Muzic\u0103 electronic\u0103<\/h3>\n\n

Cea mai veche pies\u0103 electronic\u0103 belgian\u0103 a fost <\/span>Telex<\/span><\/a> (“Moskow Diskow”, “<\/span>Euro-Vision<\/span><\/a>“). Frontmanul <\/span>Marc Moulin<\/span><\/a> a trecut mai t\u00e2rziu la o carier\u0103 solo.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor ’80, Belgia a \u00eenceput s\u0103 joace un rol foarte important \u00een dezvoltarea <\/span>muzicii Techno<\/span><\/a>. Grupul <\/span>Technotronic<\/span><\/a> a avut un succes interna\u021bional masiv cu <\/span>Pump Up The Jam<\/span><\/a>. Un nou gen, un <\/span>nou ritm<\/span><\/a> a fost creat \u0219i a \u00eenregistrat hituri interna\u021bionale cu trupe precum <\/span>The Confettis<\/span><\/a> (“The Sound of C.”, 1988). Trupe precum <\/span>Front 242<\/span><\/a>, Snowy Red,<\/span>[10]<\/span><\/a> Public Relation <\/span>[11]<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>A Split-Second<\/span><\/a> au jucat un rol \u00een popularizarea genului muzical <\/span>EBM.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n

\u00cen anii ’90, forma\u021bii precum <\/span>2 Unlimited<\/span><\/a> (“No Limit”), par\u021bial olandezo-belgian\u0103, \u0219i flamanzii <\/span>Lords of Acid<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Praga Khan<\/span><\/a>, au avut succes pe plan interna\u021bional. Alte trupe de dans belgiene de renume interna\u021bional sunt <\/span>2 Many Dj’s<\/span><\/a> (un spin-off al grupului <\/span>Soulwax<\/span><\/a>), The Glimmers (fostul Mo & Benoelie),<\/span>[12]<\/span><\/a> Junior Jack<\/span><\/a> & <\/span>Kid Creme, <\/span><\/a>Sylver<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Milk Inc<\/span><\/a>. , <\/span>Kate Ryan, <\/span><\/a>Lasgo<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Ian Van Dahl<\/span><\/a>, \u0219i <\/span>Vive La F\u00eate<\/span><\/a>. Anii 2000 au cunoscut o proliferare a arti\u0219tilor <\/span>electronici experimentali<\/span><\/a> belgieni. Actori precum K\u00f6hn, Ovil Bianca & Tuk au ob\u021binut recunoa\u0219tere interna\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i au fost pionieri \u00een domeniul muzicii electronice experimentale \u00een Belgia la \u00eenceputul secolului. <\/span>Jan Robbe<\/span><\/a>, Kaebin Yield \u0219i Sedarka sunt inovatori cheie ai sunetului “flashcore”,<\/span>[13]<\/span><\/a> iar al\u021bii, printre care Sickboy de la grupul belgian Breakcore Gives Me Wood <\/span>[14]<\/span><\/a> au avut un rol crucial \u00een dezvoltarea <\/span>breakcore<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Mashup<\/span><\/a>. \u00cen prezent, c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bul <\/span>Stromae<\/span><\/a> a fost o revela\u021bie muzical\u0103 \u00een Europa \u0219i nu numai, av\u00e2nd un mare succes. \u00cen 2015, <\/span>Lost Frequencies<\/span><\/a> a avut un succes interna\u021bional cu versiunea sa reeditat\u0103 a piesei <\/span>Are You with Me<\/span><\/a>, o melodie compus\u0103 ini\u021bial de <\/span>Easton Corbin<\/span><\/a>. \u00cen ultima vreme <\/span>Ang\u00e8le<\/span><\/a> a r\u0103s\u0103rit \u0219i ea pe scena interna\u021bional\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Muzic\u0103 african\u0103<\/h3>\n\n

De la \u00eenceputul anilor 1980, muzicienii africani au jucat un rol important pe scena belgian\u0103, \u00een special cei din fosta colonie belgian\u0103 <\/span>Congo<\/span><\/a>. Congolese-Belgia <\/span>Princesse Mansia M’Bila<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>rwandezo-belgianca <\/span><\/a>C\u00e9cile Kayirebwa<\/span><\/a> \u0219i <\/span>Dieudonn\u00e9 Kabongo<\/span><\/a> au condus acest val care, \u00een cur\u00e2nd, a \u00eencorporat <\/span>muzica de <\/span><\/a>tango argentinian<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>oud-ul <\/span><\/a>marocan<\/span><\/a> \u0219i alte muzici din \u00eentreaga lume. \u00cen anii 1990 a ap\u0103rut <\/span>Zap Mama<\/span><\/a>, un grup de femei congolezo-belgiene care au interpretat o fuziune de muzic\u0103 <\/span>pigmee<\/span><\/a> \u0219i alte muzici africane cu influen\u021be europene.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Referin\u021be<\/h3>\n\n
  1. \u00a0Dunning, Albert.\u00a0<\/em>“Low Countries. I. Art music \u2013 1. Netherlands to 1600”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<\/em>Grove Music Online<\/em><\/a>. Oxford Music Online. Retrieved\u00a06 March\u00a02014.<\/em> (necesit\u0103 abonament)<\/span><\/li>
  2. Planchart, Alejandro Enrique.\u00a0<\/em>“Du Fay, Guillaume”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<\/em>Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Retrieved\u00a06 March\u00a02014.<\/em> (necesit\u0103 abonament)<\/span><\/li>
  3. Fallows, David.\u00a0<\/em>“Binchois, Gilles de Bins dit”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<\/em>Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Retrieved\u00a06 March\u00a02014.<\/em> (necesit\u0103 abonament)<\/span><\/li>
  4. Perkins, Leeman L.\u00a0<\/em>“Ockeghem, Jean de”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<\/em>Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Retrieved\u00a07 March\u00a02014.<\/em> (necesit\u0103 abonament)<\/span><\/li>
  5. Macey, Patrick; Noble, Jeremy; Dean, Jeffrey; Reese, Gustave.\u00a0<\/em>“Josquin des Prez”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Retrieved\u00a07 March\u00a02014.<\/em> (necesit\u0103 abonament)<\/span><\/li>
  6. Haar, James.\u00a0<\/em>“Lassus”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Retrieved\u00a07 March\u00a02014.<\/em> (necesit\u0103 abonament)<\/span><\/li>
  7. Hans Verbeke (2019). H8000 Documentary \u2014 Anger & Distortion; 1989 – 1999 (\u00een limba olandez\u0103)<\/span><\/i>.<\/em><\/li>
  8. Ramirez, Carlos.\u00a0<\/em>“H8000: Director Hans Verbeke on His Doc About the Belgian Hardcore Scene (1989-1999)”<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved 24 septembrie 2019.<\/span><\/i><\/em><\/li>
  9. “Ik heb death metal nodig om gelukkig te zijn”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0<\/em>Red Bull<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved 28 septembrie 2019.<\/span><\/i><\/em><\/li>
  10. “Snowy Red”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0Discogs<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>
  11. “Public Relation”<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0Discogs<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>
  12. “Glimmers, The”<\/em><\/a>. Arhivat din <\/span><\/i>original<\/span><\/i><\/a> la 2006-06-24.<\/span><\/i><\/em><\/li>
  13. “Flashcore: Earth, Atomizer, Let’s Go!<\/a>“, spannered.org. Retrieved on November 8, 2008.<\/span><\/li>
  14. http:\/\/breakcoregivesmewood.wordpress.com<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n

    Aceast\u0103 prezentare general\u0103 a fost alc\u0103tuit\u0103 de comunitatea Wikipedia \u0219i este disponibil\u0103 la urm\u0103toarea adres\u0103<\/span>: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Music_of_Belgium<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Muzica Belgiei este un amestec cultural \u00een care tradi\u021biile flamande de limb\u0103 olandez\u0103 \u0219i valon\u0103 francofon\u0103 se \u00eembin\u0103 cu cele ale minorit\u0103\u021bilor germane \u0219i ale comunit\u0103\u021bilor de imigran\u021bi din Republica Democratic\u0103 Congo sau din alte \u021b\u0103ri \u00eendep\u0103rtate. Muzic\u0103 veche \u0219i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,183],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-belgia","category-muzica","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12774"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12775,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12774\/revisions\/12775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}