{"id":14731,"date":"2022-08-31T08:54:35","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T08:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/spagna-musica\/"},"modified":"2022-10-05T09:29:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T09:29:32","slug":"spagna-musica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/spagna-musica\/","title":{"rendered":"Spagna &#8211; Musica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iberian_peninsula\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Penisola Iberica<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 ha una storia di influenze musicali diverse, provenienti da tutto il <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediterranean_Sea\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mar Mediterraneo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0e dall&#8217;Europa. Nei due secoli antecedenti l&#8217;era cristiana, la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Rome\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dominazione romana<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> port\u00f2 con s\u00e9 la musica e le idee dell\u2019<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Greece\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antica Grecia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; i primi cristiani, che avevano le loro versioni di musica sacra, arrivarono durante l&#8217;apogeo dell&#8217;Impero Romano; i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visigoths\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Visigoti<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germanic_peoples\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">popolo germanico<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">romanizzato, che prese il controllo della penisola dopo la caduta dell&#8217;Impero Romano; i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moors\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mori<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0e gli Ebrei nel Medioevo. Ci sono stati quindi pi\u00f9 di duemila anni di influenze e sviluppi interni ed esterni che hanno prodotto un gran numero di tradizioni musicali uniche.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moors\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mori<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">di\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Andalus\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Al-Andalus<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0erano relativamente tolleranti nei confronti del cristianesimo e dell&#8217;ebraismo, soprattutto durante i primi tre secoli della loro lunga presenza nella penisola iberica, durante i quali la musica cristiana ed <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ebraica<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0continu\u00f2 a fiorire. La <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Music_notation\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">notazione musicale<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0fu sviluppata in Spagna nell&#8217;VIII secolo (i cosiddetti <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neume\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">neumi<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">visigoti) per annotare il canto e le altre <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">musiche della Chiesa Cristiana<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ma questa oscura notazione non \u00e8 ancora stata decifrata dagli studiosi ed esiste solo in piccoli frammenti. All&#8217;inizio del <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Renaissance_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rinascimento<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mateo_Flecha\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mateo Flecha<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">el Viejo e il drammaturgo castigliano\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_del_Encina\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Juan del Encina<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0furono tra i principali compositori del periodo post-<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ars_Nova\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ars Nova<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. I libri di canzoni rinascimentali includono il <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_Palacio\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de Palacio<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, il\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_Medinaceli\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de Medinaceli<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, il\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_Upsala\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de Upsala<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(che si trova nella biblioteca di\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carolina_Rediviva\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carolina Rediviva<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), il\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_la_Colombina\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de la Colombina<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ed il successivo <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_la_Sablonara\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de la Sablonara<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. L&#8217; organista <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_de_Cabez%C3%B3n\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antonio de Cabez\u00f3n<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">si distingue invece per le sue composizioni per tastiera e la sua maestria. Uno stile vocale <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyphony\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">polifonico<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0sviluppato in Spagna all&#8217;inizio del XVI secolo era strettamente legato a quello dei compositori <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franco-Flemish_School\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Franco-Fiamminghi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alla fine del XVII secolo la cultura musicale &#8220;classica&#8221; della Spagna era in declino e lo sarebbe rimasta fino al XIX secolo. Il classicismo in Spagna, quando arriv\u00f2, si ispir\u00f2 a modelli italiani, come nelle opere di <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Soler\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antonio Soler<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Alcuni compositori italiani di spicco, come <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domenico_Scarlatti\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domenico Scarlatti<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luigi_Boccherini\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luigi Boccherini<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, furono nominati alla corte reale di Madrid. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Cris%C3%B3stomo_Arriaga\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Juan Cris\u00f3stomo Arriaga<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">si considera l\u2019iniziatore del sinfonismo romantico in Spagna. La creativit\u00e0 musicale si concentr\u00f2 principalmente nei settori della musica popolare fino alla rinascita nazionalista della tarda epoca romantica. Tra i compositori spagnoli di questo periodo figurano <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Felipe_Pedrell\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Felipe Pedrell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Isaac Alb\u00e9niz<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrique_Granados\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enrique Granados<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Turina\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joaqu\u00edn Turina<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manuel_de_Falla\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manuel de Falla<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jes%C3%BAs_Guridi\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jes\u00fas Guridi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernesto_Halffter\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ernesto Halffter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federico_Mompou\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Federico Mompou<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salvador_Bacarisse\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salvador Bacarisse<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodrigo\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>20<sup>esimo<\/sup>\u00a0Secolo<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Isaac Manuel Francisco Alb\u00e9niz y Pascual (29 maggio 1860 &#8211; 18 maggio 1909) \u00e8 stato un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virtuoso\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">virtuoso<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pianist\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pianista<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Composer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compositore<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conductor_(music)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">direttore d&#8217;orchestra<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00c8 uno dei principali compositori dell\u2019 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romantic_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">epoca post-romantica<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, che ha avuto un&#8217;influenza significativa sui suoi contemporanei e sui compositori pi\u00f9 giovani. \u00c8 noto soprattutto per le sue opere <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piano\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pianistiche<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0basate sugli idiomi della <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Folk_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">musica popolare<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> spagnola<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Le trascrizioni di molti dei suoi brani, come <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asturias_(Leyenda)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asturias (Leyenda)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Granada_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Granada<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sevilla_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sevilla<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cadiz_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cadiz<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3rdoba<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalu%C3%B1a_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Catalu\u00f1a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mallorca_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mallorca<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tango_in_D\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tango in D<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sono pezzi importanti per la chitarra classica, sebbene non abbia mai composto per la chitarra.\u00a0<\/span>&#13;\n&#13;\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le carte personali di Alb\u00e9niz sono conservate, tra le altre istituzioni, presso la the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Catalonia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biblioteca di Catalogna<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Asturias - Isaac Alb\u00e9niz (Guitar &amp; Castanets)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SRLq-G7BmGc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dalle parole inglesi pop-refrain \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yeah-yeah\u201d,\u00a0ye-y\u00e9\u00a0era un termine di derivazione francese<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> di cui la lingua spagnola si \u00e8 appropriata per riferirsi alla musica pop &#8220;che solleva lo spirito&#8221;. Si trattava principalmente di fusioni di rock americano dei primi anni Sessanta (come il <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twist_(dance)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">twist<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) e di <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beat_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">musica beat<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.britannica.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Los Bravos - Bring a Little Lovin&#039; (Actuaci\u00f3n TVE)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ceqMjRwcAKI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<p>Los Canarios: Free Yourself &#8211;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/DykCDlhEAe4\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/DykCDlhEAe4<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Musica Folk<\/h3>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un inventario della musica popolare spagnola nel 20\u00b0 secolo si pu\u00f2 trovare su<\/span>&#13;\n&#13;\n<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20041206034039\/http:\/www.interacesso.pt\/web\/wencesmc\/\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20041206034039\/http:\/\/www.interacesso.pt\/web\/wencesmc\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flamenco<\/h3>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il flamenco (pronuncia spagnola: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Spanish\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[fla\u02c8me\u014bko]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), nella sua accezione pi\u00f9 stretta, \u00e8 una forma d&#8217;arte basata sulle varie tradizioni musicali folcloristiche della <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spagna<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">meridionale, sviluppatasi all&#8217;interno della sottocultura <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gitanos\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gitana<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0della regione dell&#8217;Andalusia, ma con una presenza storica anche in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extremadura\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extremadura<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murcia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Murcia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La pi\u00f9 antica testimonianza di musica flamenca risale al 1774 nel libro Las Cartas Marruecas di <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Cadalso\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jos\u00e9 Cadalso<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flamenco#Main_Palos\"><b>Sottogeneri principali o \u201cpalos\u201d<\/b><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Camaron de la isla y Paco de Lucia   Como El Agua\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3KZyy8Oc1QA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Al Alba Directo   Jos\u00e9 Merc\u00e9\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oFr2OEnaO9I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anni 80\u2019 e 90\u2019<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ni Recuerdo, Ni Olvido\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mi8zKaDCO0s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negli anni successivi alla morte di <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_Franco\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Francisco Franco<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, inizi\u00f2 a formarsi una crescente scena musicale <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Punk_rock\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">punk rock<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 underground a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madrid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a#cite_note-:0-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ispirati dalla crescita del punk rock nel <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regno Unito<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, alla fine degli anni Settanta si formarono diversi gruppi <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Punk_rock\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">punk rock<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> e <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth-pop\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">synthpop<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0, come i\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Secretos#1978%E2%80%931979:_Tos\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tos<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0e gli\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviador_Dro\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aviador Dro<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a#cite_note-:0-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Tuttavia, questa nuova <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Counterculture\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">controcultura<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0si scontr\u00f2 pesantemente con il governo nazionale spagnolo, che impose il <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curfew\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">coprifuoco<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0serale per le donne, criminalizz\u00f2 l&#8217;omosessualit\u00e0 e arrest\u00f2 le persone dall&#8217;aspetto poco ortodosso per aver violato una legge sulla &#8220;pericolosit\u00e0 e la riabilitazione sociale&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Movida Madrile\u00f1a acquist\u00f2 notoriet\u00e0 dopo un grande concerto punk all&#8217; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Technical_University_of_Madrid\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Universit\u00e0 Tecnica di Madrid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0il 9 febbraio 1980. Sebbene gli <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francoists\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">elementi franchisti<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0continuassero a opporsi alla crescente liberalizzazione della citt\u00e0, il governo del sindaco <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Socialism\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">socialista<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrique_Tierno_Galv%C3%A1n\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enrique Tierno Galv\u00e1n<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ebbe un approccio pi\u00f9 aperto nei confronti del movimento e sovvenzion\u00f2 diverse iniziative artistiche.\u00a0 In questo periodo visitarono Madrid alcuni influenti artisti stranieri, come i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_ramones\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Ramones<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andy_Warhol\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andy Warhol<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La componente centrale era un\u2019<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aesthetics\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estetica<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0influenzata dal\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Punk_rock\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">punk rock<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0e dalla musica\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth-pop\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">synth-pop<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, oltre che da scuole visive come il <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dada\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dada<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0ed il\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Futurism\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">futurismo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ilegales - Problema Sexual (Qu\u00e9 Noche la de Aquel A\u00f1o)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XFWOO4UB79o?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SINIESTRO TOTAL - Bailar\u00e9 sobre tu tumba (Tocata)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uJuk7dgELTg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Par\u00e1lisis Permanente - Autosuficiencia\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bv9-aB0dZgc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ALASKA Y DINARAMA - Perlas ensangrentadas\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Rgmmo3IfNYQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"La chica indigerible\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Nfo4IkZ0_Ek?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"El Ojo Te Ve\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GkaWwU1MYLo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>21<sup>esimo<\/sup> Secolo<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Il 21\u00b0 secolo segna una continuazione delle tendenze precedenti, ma fondendo, ovviamente, gli stili latini.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ROSAL\u00cdA - SAOKO (Official Video)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6o7bCAZSxsg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bedeinkatua\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gP2NI6Xu4cw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Corizonas - Nueva Dimensi\u00f3n Vital\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iFPYJKjpvNc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Copacabana\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6PBvxUtkXRk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Amo (feat. Eva Amaral)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/D6amZFILmiA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"LA URSS | ARMONIA | VIDEOCLIP\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gNPbIFelIuE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Penisola Iberica\u00a0 ha una storia di influenze musicali diverse, provenienti da tutto il Mar Mediterraneo\u00a0e dall&#8217;Europa. Nei due secoli antecedenti l&#8217;era cristiana, la dominazione romana port\u00f2 con s\u00e9 la musica e le idee dell\u2019Antica Grecia; i primi cristiani, che &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[181,211],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-music-it","category-spagna","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14731"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14731"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15945,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14731\/revisions\/15945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}