{"id":15397,"date":"2022-09-19T21:46:28","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T21:46:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/espagne-musique\/"},"modified":"2022-10-05T09:23:48","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T09:23:48","slug":"espagne-musique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/espagne-musique\/","title":{"rendered":"Espagne &#8211; Musique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iberian_peninsula\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a toujours re\u00e7u diff\u00e9rentes influences musicales provenant du pourtour de la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediterranean_Sea\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et de toute l&#8217;Europe. Au cours des deux si\u00e8cles pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l&#8217;\u00e8re chr\u00e9tienne, la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Rome\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">domination romaine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a apport\u00e9 avec elle la musique et les id\u00e9es de la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Greece\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gr\u00e8ce antique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ; les premiers chr\u00e9tiens, qui avaient leurs propres versions de la musique d&#8217;\u00e9glise, sont arriv\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;apog\u00e9e de l&#8217;Empire romain ; les <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Visigoths\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wisigoths<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germanic_peoples\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">peuple germanique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> romanis\u00e9, qui ont pris le contr\u00f4le de la p\u00e9ninsule apr\u00e8s la chute de l&#8217;Empire romain ; les <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moors\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maures<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et les Juifs au Moyen \u00c2ge. Il y a donc eu plus de deux mille ans d&#8217;influences et de d\u00e9veloppements internes et externes qui ont produit un grand nombre de traditions musicales uniques.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moors\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maures<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> d&#8217;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Andalus\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Al-Andalus<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e9taient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement relativement tol\u00e9rants \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9gard du christianisme et du juda\u00efsme, surtout pendant les trois premiers si\u00e8cles de leur longue pr\u00e9sence dans la p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique, au cours desquels la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">musique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> chr\u00e9tienne et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">juive<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 fleurir. La <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Music_notation\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">notation musicale<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e en Espagne d\u00e8s le 8e si\u00e8cle (les <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neume\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">neumes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> wisigothiques) pour noter le chant et les autres <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">musiques<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sacr\u00e9es <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de l&#8217;\u00e9glise chr\u00e9tienne<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mais cette notation obscure n&#8217;a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9chiffr\u00e9e par les \u00e9rudits et n&#8217;existe que sous forme de petits fragments. Au d\u00e9but de la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Renaissance_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Renaissance, <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mateo_Flecha\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mateo Flecha<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> el Viejo et le dramaturge castillan <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_del_Encina\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Juan del Encina<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> figurent parmi les principaux compositeurs de la p\u00e9riode post-Ars <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ars_Nova\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nova<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Les recueils de chants de la Renaissance comprennent le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_Palacio\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de Palacio<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_Medinaceli\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de Medinaceli<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_Upsala\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de Upsala<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (conserv\u00e9 \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carolina_Rediviva\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carolina Rediviva<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_la_Colombina\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de la Colombina<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancionero_de_la_Sablonara\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cancionero de la Sablonara<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, plus tardif. L&#8217;organiste <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_de_Cabez%C3%B3n\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antonio de Cabez\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> se distingue par ses compositions et sa ma\u00eetrise du clavier. Un style vocal <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyphony\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">polyphonique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> du d\u00e9but du XVIe si\u00e8cle, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en Espagne, \u00e9tait \u00e9troitement li\u00e9 \u00e0 celui des compositeurs <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Franco-Flemish_School\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">franco-flamands<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c0 la fin du XVIIe si\u00e8cle, la culture musicale &#8220;classique&#8221; de l&#8217;Espagne \u00e9tait en d\u00e9clin, et devait le rester jusqu&#8217;au XIXe si\u00e8cle. Le classicisme en Espagne, lorsqu&#8217;il est arriv\u00e9, s&#8217;est inspir\u00e9 de mod\u00e8les italiens, comme dans les \u0153uvres d&#8217;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Soler\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antonio Soler<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Certains compositeurs italiens exceptionnels, comme <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domenico_Scarlatti\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domenico Scarlatti<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luigi_Boccherini\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luigi Boccherini<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9s \u00e0 la cour royale de Madrid. L&#8217;\u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8re <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Cris%C3%B3stomo_Arriaga\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Juan Cris\u00f3stomo Arriaga<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le principal initiateur du sinfonisme romantique en Espagne. La cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 musicale s&#8217;est principalement d\u00e9plac\u00e9e vers les domaines de la musique populaire jusqu&#8217;au renouveau nationaliste de la fin de l&#8217;\u00e8re romantique. Parmi les compositeurs espagnols de cette p\u00e9riode figurent <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Felipe_Pedrell\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Felipe Pedrell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Isaac Alb\u00e9niz<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrique_Granados\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enrique Granados<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Turina\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joaqu\u00edn Turina<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manuel_de_Falla\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manuel de Falla<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jes%C3%BAs_Guridi\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jes\u00fas Guridi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernesto_Halffter\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ernesto Halffter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federico_Mompou\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Federico Mompou<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salvador_Bacarisse\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salvador Bacarisse<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodrigo\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>20<\/b><b>th<\/b><b> si\u00e8cle<\/b><\/h2>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Isaac Manuel Francisco Alb\u00e9niz y Pascual (29 mai 1860 &#8211; 18 mai 1909) \u00e9tait un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pianist\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pianiste <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virtuoso\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">virtuose<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Composer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compositeur<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conductor_(music)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">chef d&#8217;orchestre<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> catalan espagnol. Il est l&#8217;un des principaux compositeurs de l&#8217;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romantic_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00e8re<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> post-romantique et a exerc\u00e9 une influence consid\u00e9rable sur ses contemporains et les jeunes compositeurs. Il est surtout connu pour ses \u0153uvres <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piano\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour piano<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bas\u00e9es sur des idiomes de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Folk_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">musique folklorique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> espagnole. Les transcriptions de plusieurs de ses pi\u00e8ces, telles que <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asturias_(Leyenda)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asturias (Leyenda)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Granada_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Granada<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sevilla_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sevilla<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cadiz_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cadiz<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00f3rdoba<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalu%C3%B1a_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Catalu\u00f1a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mallorca_(Alb%C3%A9niz)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mallorca<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tango_in_D\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tango in D<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, sont des pi\u00e8ces importantes pour la guitare classique, bien qu&#8217;il n&#8217;ait jamais compos\u00e9 pour la guitare. Les papiers personnels d&#8217;Alb\u00e9niz sont conserv\u00e9s, entre autres, \u00e0 la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Library_of_Catalonia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biblioth\u00e8que de Catalogne<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Asturias - Isaac Alb\u00e9niz (Guitar &amp; Castanets)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SRLq-G7BmGc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issu de l&#8217;anglais pop-refrain &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yeah-yeah&#8221;, le ye-y\u00e9 est un terme d&#8217;origine fran\u00e7aise<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que la langue espagnole s&#8217;est appropri\u00e9 pour d\u00e9signer une musique pop uptempo, qui &#8220;remonte le moral&#8221;. Il s&#8217;agissait principalement de fusions du rock am\u00e9ricain du d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960 (comme le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twist_(dance)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">twist<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) et de la <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beat_music\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beat music<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> britannique.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Los Bravos - Bring a Little Lovin&#039; (Actuaci\u00f3n TVE)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ceqMjRwcAKI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<p>Los Canarios: Free Yourself &#8211;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/DykCDlhEAe4\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/DykCDlhEAe4<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Musique folklorique<\/h3>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un inventaire de la musique folklorique espagnole au XXe si\u00e8cle peut \u00eatre consult\u00e9 sur le site <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20041206034039\/http:\/www.interacesso.pt\/web\/wencesmc\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20041206034039\/http:\/\/www.interacesso.pt\/web\/wencesmc\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flamenco<\/h3>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le flamenco (prononciation espagnole : <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Spanish\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[fla\u02c8me\u014bko]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), dans son sens le plus strict, est une forme d&#8217;art bas\u00e9e sur les diff\u00e9rentes traditions musicales folkloriques du sud de l&#8217;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spain\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Espagne<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e au sein de la sous-culture <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gitanos\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gitane<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de la r\u00e9gion d&#8217;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andalusia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andalousie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mais ayant \u00e9galement une pr\u00e9sence historique en <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extremadura\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estr\u00e9madure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et en <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murcia\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Murcie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La plus ancienne trace de musique flamenco remonte \u00e0 1774, dans le livre Las Cartas Marruecas de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Cadalso\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jos\u00e9 Cadalso<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flamenco#Main_Palos\"><b>Les principaux sous-genres ou &#8220;palos&#8221;<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Camaron de la isla y Paco de Lucia   Como El Agua\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3KZyy8Oc1QA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Al Alba Directo   Jos\u00e9 Merc\u00e9\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oFr2OEnaO9I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ann\u00e9es 80 et 90<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ni Recuerdo, Ni Olvido\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mi8zKaDCO0s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans les ann\u00e9es qui ont suivi la mort de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_Franco\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Francisco Franco<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, une sc\u00e8ne musicale <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Punk_rock\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">punk rock<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> underground a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se former \u00e0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madrid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. [Inspir\u00e9s par la croissance du punk rock au <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Royaume-Uni<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, un certain nombre de groupes de punk et de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth-pop\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">synthpop<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tels que <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Secretos#1978%E2%80%931979:_Tos\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tos<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviador_Dro\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aviador Dro<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a#cite_note-:0-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> se sont form\u00e9s \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1970. Cependant, cette nouvelle <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Counterculture\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contre-culture<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> s&#8217;est fortement heurt\u00e9e au gouvernement national espagnol, qui imposait un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curfew\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">couvre-feu pour<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> les femmes le soir, criminalisait l&#8217;homosexualit\u00e9 et arr\u00eatait les personnes \u00e0 l&#8217;apparence peu orthodoxe pour violation d&#8217;une loi sur la &#8220;dangerosit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9habilitation sociale&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Movida Madrile\u00f1a a gagn\u00e9 en notori\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite d&#8217;un grand concert punk \u00e0 l&#8217;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Technical_University_of_Madrid\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Universit\u00e9 technique de Madrid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> le 9 f\u00e9vrier 1980. Bien que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francoists\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">franquistes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aient continu\u00e9 \u00e0 s&#8217;opposer \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ralisation croissante de la ville, le gouvernement du maire <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Socialism\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">socialiste <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enrique_Tierno_Galv%C3%A1n\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enrique Tierno Galv\u00e1n<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a adopt\u00e9 une approche plus ouverte \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9gard du mouvement et a subventionn\u00e9 diverses initiatives artistiques.\u00a0 Un certain nombre d&#8217;artistes \u00e9trangers influents, tels que <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_ramones\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">les Ramones<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andy_Warhol\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andy Warhol<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ont visit\u00e9 Madrid \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque. L&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ment central \u00e9tait une <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aesthetics\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">esth\u00e9tique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> influenc\u00e9e par le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Punk_rock\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">punk rock<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et la musique <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth-pop\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">synth-pop<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, ainsi que par des \u00e9coles visuelles telles que <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dada\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dada<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Futurism\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">futurisme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ilegales - Problema Sexual (Qu\u00e9 Noche la de Aquel A\u00f1o)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XFWOO4UB79o?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SINIESTRO TOTAL - Bailar\u00e9 sobre tu tumba (Tocata)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uJuk7dgELTg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Par\u00e1lisis Permanente - Autosuficiencia\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bv9-aB0dZgc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ALASKA Y DINARAMA - Perlas ensangrentadas\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Rgmmo3IfNYQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"La chica indigerible\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Nfo4IkZ0_Ek?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"El Ojo Te Ve\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GkaWwU1MYLo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>21<\/b><b>st<\/b><b> si\u00e8cle<\/b><\/h2>\n\n<p>Le 21\u00e8me si\u00e8cle marque une continuation des tendances pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes mais en fusionnant, bien s\u00fbr, les styles latins.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ROSAL\u00cdA - SAOKO (Official Video)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6o7bCAZSxsg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bedeinkatua\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gP2NI6Xu4cw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Corizonas - Nueva Dimensi\u00f3n Vital\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iFPYJKjpvNc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Copacabana\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6PBvxUtkXRk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Amo (feat. Eva Amaral)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/D6amZFILmiA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\r\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"LA URSS | ARMONIA | VIDEOCLIP\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gNPbIFelIuE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\r\n<\/div><\/figure>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique a toujours re\u00e7u diff\u00e9rentes influences musicales provenant du pourtour de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et de toute l&#8217;Europe. Au cours des deux si\u00e8cles pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l&#8217;\u00e8re chr\u00e9tienne, la domination romaine a apport\u00e9 avec elle la musique et les id\u00e9es de &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[214,136],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-espagne-fr","category-musique","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15397"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15397"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15941,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15397\/revisions\/15941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-training.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}